Resolves a reference the way a browser resolves links: absolute httpx
URLs pass through; everything else (absolute path, relative path, query,
fragment) resolves against the base. Fragments are stripped (XEP-0332
resources carry no fragments). Non-httpx absolute URLs (https:, mailto:…)
are returned unchanged for the caller to handle.
Resolves a reference the way a browser resolves links: absolute httpx URLs pass through; everything else (absolute path, relative path, query, fragment) resolves against the base. Fragments are stripped (XEP-0332 resources carry no fragments). Non-httpx absolute URLs (https:, mailto:…) are returned unchanged for the caller to handle.